I will properly introduce oxidation reactions at some point. Or perhaps not. I don't know. Anyway, this is one of them, although this is not a proper introduction to them. The product from the previous reaction, an alkylborane, is oxidized here, yielding an alcohol. Really, this kind of like a second addition reaction (although it isn't one). Like the hydroboration reaction, this one is seemingly simple, but has some caveats. However, this time the textbook mostly glosses over those caveats, so this post will be pretty brief.
The reagent used here is hydroxide in hydrogen peroxide. The bond to boron is replaced by a bond to hydroxide, yielding an alcohol. And that's it. Well, not really, but I'm leaving it at that, so there.
In summation, the hydroboration-oxidation sequence takes us from an alkene to an alcohol, with the hydroxyl group bonded to the less substituted alkene carbon.
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